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March 10th, 2014 | #1 |
Bread and Circuses
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What is Fascism?
In 1932 Mussolini declared that the 20th century would be the "Fascist century" by stating:
"If it is admitted that the nineteenth century has been the century of Socialism, Liberalism and Democracy, it does not follow that the twentieth must also be the century of Liberalism, Socialism and Democracy. Political doctrines pass; peoples remain. It is to be expected that this century may be that of authority, a century of the "Right," a Fascist century." WHAT IS FASCISM: IS THERE ANY FASCISM LEFT? by Paulo N. Correa, M.Sc., Ph.D. & Alexandra N. Correa, Hon. B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. What's in a word like 'fascism'? 2. The fasces as metaphor of society and the 'problem of war' 3. Fascism and the rise of populist Imperators 4. Fascism as utopia secreted by the Left: civil strife, popular revolutions and the party-police apparatus 5. The fascist need for a mythical saviour 6. The corporativist veneer of fascism 7. The suicidary and genocidal sociopathic nature of fascism 8. Is the Left also fascist? 9. The final decomposition of the Left: from two to many 10. The controversy surrounding islamic fascism 11. The new European consent to islamic fascism 12. The victory of fascism: its molecularizing and its unconscious basis 13. Are there no more fascists left, or has everyone turned fascist? http://www.aetherometry.com/Electron...-06_index.html Fascism Part I: Understanding Fascism and anti-Semitism http://www.rationalrevolution.net/ar...ng_fascism.htm Fascism Part II: The Rise of American Fascism http://www.rationalrevolution.net/ar...an_fascism.htm
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
March 21st, 2014 | #2 |
Bread and Circuses
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Though in academic discourse, we can surely find differences, in real terms, the political, economic and social systems of Mussolini’s Italy were virtually indistinguishable from those of Hitler’s Germany. However, it has been lodged that racialism was not a part of Mussolini’s Fascist doctrine. I would offer that this is false. That famed quote, often framed as a criticism of Hitler, which reads “national pride has no need for the delirium of race” is rarely presented in context. The full quote reads like this:
Race! It is a feeling, not a reality: ninety-five percent, at least, is a feeling. Nothing will ever make me believe that biologically pure races can be shown to exist today. [...] National pride has no need of the delirium of race. Only a revolution and a decisive leader can improve a race, even if this is more a sentiment than a reality. But I repeat that a race can change itself and improve itself. I say that it is possible to change not only the somatic lines, the height, but really also the character. Influence of moral pressure can act deterministically also in the biological sense. -Benito Mussolini, 1932 We see here that though Mussolini, at this point, clearly had a view of race which differed with that of Adolf Hitler, he did not deny its existence. Earlier in his life, Mussolini apparently held a view more similar to that of Hitler, having said the following on the topic: The nation is not simply the sum of living individuals, nor the instrument of parties for their own ends, but an organism comprised of the infinite series of generations of which the individuals are only transient elements; it is the supreme synthesis of all the material and immaterial values of the race. -Benito Mussolini, 1921 We may also note that the NSDAP had a rather specific view of race, with various party members at times drawing rather strict lines between various members of the White race (something which I myself don’t tend to do). Though he certainly saw allies in the Arabs – just as Adolf Hitler did – Mussolini clearly made a point of drawing racial lines between the root races when he passed a series of laws regarding the administration of his African colonies. James Mayfield, Chairman of the European Heritage Library, in his essay Changing and dictated meanings of Italian identity under Mussolinian Fascism, offers the following on Mussolini’s race laws: After the imposition of the race laws, the Fascist regime imposed stricter racial segregation in the colonies. In Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia […] the segregation was far more pervasive. Local administrators announced, “we must ban natives from any access to our cities unless we can force them to pass through a sort of station of human reclamation.” As part of Italians’ new racialized worldview, the Fascist state increasingly concluded that the very presence of non-Italian races on Italian national space was equated with being almost sacrilege. New administrative policies maintained through local Fascist governors and councils regulated marital and sexual congress, and those Italians engaging in interracial miscegenation were fined and/or arrested. Injunction No. 880 imposed sentences of one to five years in prison for race mixing. Mussolini even personally banned an increasingly popular novel that depicted a beneficent Italian colonist civilizing and eventually falling in love with a tribal Amhara from Ethiopia. It appears that Mussolini drew a line with the Africans, who he viewed, generally, as too different to be capable of full integration into Italian society. His desire to maintain a degree of racial purity among Italians is also evidenced here in no uncertain terms. That said, he did allow those Africans who he viewed as having adapted to his people’s culture rights within his mother country as well as military rank, but so did Hitler. Italian racialist and antisemite Baron Julius Evola was fully endorsed by Mussolini. Italian racialist and antisemite Baron Julius Evola was fully endorsed by Mussolini. Ultimately, whatever Mussolini’s views might have been – they clearly did not remain static – the idea that Nation can be separated from Race is completely nonsensical. Genius as Mussolini was, it is likely that he didn’t fully grasp the concept of racial differences until he was faced with the situation in Africa, given that Italy at the time was at least semi-homogenous, racially, and whatever small portion of non-Whites were there would have integrated into the culture, as tends to happen when numbers are small. http://www.totalfascism.com/regardin...nal-socialism/ Though Italian Fascism was less outspokenly racial in orientation than German National Socialism, race was indeed an important aspect of the former doctrine. The following is a collection of quotes by the great Benito Mussolini addressing the topic of race. *** “Well we, Fascisti, want to bring into every city, into every part of the country, even the most remote, the pride and passion of belonging to the most noble Italian race; the race which has produced Dante, which has given Galileo, the greatest masterpieces of art, Verdi, Mazzini, Garibaldi and d’Annunzio to the world, and which has produced the people who won Vittorio Veneto.” -Speech in Ferrara, April 4, 1920 “Italy had twenty-seven million inhabitants in 1870, she has now fifty million; forty million of whom live in the Peninsula, and represent the most homogeneous block in Europe, because, compared with Bohemia, for instance, where five millions of the Czecho race govern seven millions of other races, Italy has only 180,000 German subjects on the Upper Adige and 360,000 Slavs, all the rest forming one compact whole.” -Speech in Trieste, September 20, 1920 “In the first place she (the Italian nation) has a sure foundation, and that is the vitality of our race.” -Speech in Trieste, September 20, 1920 “I have an unbounded faith in the future greatness of the Italian people. Ours is, among the European peoples, the largest and most homogeneous. … Unlike the pessimists who believe that everything is great in other people’s houses, while everything is too small in their own, we have pride in our race and our history.” -Speech in Trieste, February 6, 1921 “How then was this Fascismo born… it was born of the profound and perennial need of this our Mediterranean and Aryan race…” -Speech in Bologna, April 3, 1921 “…we feel those bonds of race to be alive and vital which bind us, not only to the Italians of Zara, Ragusa and Cattaro, but also to those of the Canton Ticino and Corsica, to those beyond the oceans, to all that great family of fifty million men whom we wish to unite in the same pride of race.” -Speech in Bologna, April 3, 1921 “Italy is not a State, she is a nation, because from the Alps to Sicily there is the fundamental unity of our race, our customs, our language and our religion.” -Speech in Milan, October 4, 1922 “It must not be forgotten that, besides the minority that represent actual militant politics, there are forty millions of excellent Italians who work, by their splendid birth-rate perpetuate our race…” -Speech Delivered in the Chamber, November 16, 1922 “We, here and everywhere, are ready for any battle so that we may uphold the foundations of our race and of our history.” -Speech in London, December 12, 1922 “Let me first of all say how happy I am that we should have met in these magnificent rooms which furnish evidence of the strength and beauty of our race.” -Speech in Rome, January 2, 1923 “It is obvious that the problem of Italian expansion in the world is a problem of life or death for the Italian race.” -Speech in Milan, March 30, 1923 “I have looked you well in the face, I have recognized that you are superb shoots of this Italian race which was great when other people were not born, of this Italian race which three times gave our civilization to the barbarian world, of this Italian race which we wish to mold by all the struggles necessary for discipline, for work, for faith.” -Speech in Sassari, June 10, 1923 “…Fascism, representing an irresistible movement for the regeneration of the race, was bound to carry with it this island where the Italian race is manifested so superbly.” -Speech in Cagliari, June 12, 1923 “Rome is always, as it will be tomorrow and in the centuries to come, the living heart of our race!” -Speech in Rome, June 25, 1923 “It is therefore necessary to take great care of the future of the race, starting with measures to look after the health of mothers and infants.” -Speech of the Ascension, May 26, 1927 “I thought that he (Franz Ferdinand) always underestimated our race. He was not able to sense the heart throbs of the people of Italian blood still under his flag. He could not weigh the power of race consciousness. He was cherishing the dream of a monarchy melting three races together. Races, I know, are difficult to melt.” -Autobiography, 1928 “The entire white race, the Western race, can become submerged by other races of colour that multiply with a rhythm unknown to our own. Blacks and yellows are thus at the door? Yes, they are at the door, and not only because of their fecundity but also because of their race consciousness and their future in the world.” -Preface to Decline of Births: Death of Peoples by Richard Korherr, 1928 “Peace with honor and justice is a Pax Romana…a peace in conformity with the character and temperament of our Latin and Mediterranean race which I wish to exalt before you because it is the race which has given to the world, among thousands of others, Caesar, Dante, Michelangelo, and Napoleon; a race of creators and constructors, ancient and strong, determined and universal, which has given the keynote to the world three times in the course of the centuries.” -Speech in Florence, October 23, 1933 “This is why the racial laws of the empire will be rigorously observed and that all who sin against them will be expelled, punished, imprisoned. Because for the empire to be preserved the natives must be clearly and forcefully aware of our superiority.” -Speech in Rome, October 25, 1938 “Our rural policy follows this course…to preserve and pass on the intrinsic virtues of the Italian race…” -Speech at the Argentina Theatre in Rome, January 22, 1939 “Our capacity to recuperate in moral and material fields is really formidable and constitutes one of the peculiar characteristics of our race.” -Speech to the Blackshirts of Rome, February 23, 1941 http://www.totalfascism.com/mussolini-on-race/
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
March 21st, 2014 | #3 |
Bread and Circuses
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“The fight which Fascist Italy waged against Jewry’s three principal weapons, the profound reasons for which may not have been consciously understood (though I do not believe this myself) furnishes the best proof that the poison fangs of that Power which transcends all State boundaries are being drawn, even though in an indirect way.
The prohibition of Freemasonry and secret societies, the suppression of the supemational Press and the definite abolition of Marxism, together with the steadily increasing consolidation of the Fascist concept of the State – all this will enable the Italian Government, in the course of some years, to advance more and more the interests of the Italian people without paying any attention to the hissing of the Jewish world-hydra.” Adolf Hitler – Mein Kampf (Murphy translation) Adolf Hitler, the great statesman and liberator of Germany from the chokehold of International Jewry, stated in his book Mein Kampf: “At that time - I admit it openly - I conceived a profound admiration for the great man beyond the Alps, whose ardent love for his people inspired him not to bargain with Italy’s internal enemies but to use all possible ways and means in an effort to wipe them out. What places Mussolini in the ranks of the world’s great men is his decision not to share Italy with the Marxists but to redeem his country from Marxism by destroying internationalism. What miserable pigmies our sham statesmen in Germany appear by comparison with him. And how nauseating it is to witness the conceit and effrontery of these nonentities in criticizing a man who is a thousand times greater than them. And how painful it is to think that this takes place in a country which could point to a Bismarck as its leader as recently as fifty years ago.” "It was also in Berlin and at about the same time, that I heard the news of the huge Fascist eruption: the march on Rome and Mussolini’s victory. I rejoiced as much as if it were my own country’s victory. There is, among all those in various parts of the world who serve their people, a kinship of sympathy, as there is such a kinship among those who labor for the destruction of peoples. Mussolini, the brave man who trampled the dragon underfoot, was one of us, that is why all dragon heads hurled themselves upon him, swearing death to him. For us, the others, he will be a bright North Star giving us hope; he will be living proof that the hydra can be defeated; proof of the possibilities of victory. “But Mussolini is not anti-Semitic. You rejoice in vain,” whispered the Jewish press into our ears. It is not a matter of what we rejoice in say I, it is a question of why you Jews are sad at his victory, if he is not anti-Semitic. What is the rationale of the worldwide attack on him by the Jewish press? Italy has as many Jews as Romania has Ciangai [a quite minor ethnic group] in the Siret valley. An Italian anti-Semitic movement would be as if Romanians started a movement against the Ciangai. But had Mussolini lived in Romania he could not but be anti-Semitic, for Fascism means first of all defending your nation against the dangers that threaten it. it means the destruction of these dangers and the opening of a free way to life and glory for your nation. In Romania, Fascism could only mean the elimination of the dangers threatening the Romanian people, namely, the removal of the Jewish threat and the opening of a free way to the life and glory to which Romanians are entitled to aspire. Judaism has become master of the world through Masonry, and in Russia through Communism. Mussolini destroyed at home these two Judaic heads which threatened death to Italy: Communism and Masonry. There, judaism was eradicated through its two manifestations. In our country, it will have to be eradicated through what it has there: Jews, communists and masons. These are the thoughts that we, Romanian youth in general, oppose to Judaic endeavors to deprive us of joy in Mussolini’s victory." Read the most important book of your life: Corneliu Zelea Codreanu – For My Legionaries: The Iron Guard (1936)
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. Last edited by RickHolland; March 21st, 2014 at 08:22 AM. |
March 21st, 2014 | #4 | |
Bread and Circuses
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Mussolini on the Jewish Role in Communism
Quote:
The Accomplices By Benito Mussolini The developed and conscious proletariat is shouting “Long live Lenin!“, thinking that they are shouting “Long live socialism!“. They do not realize that they are actually crying “Down with socialism!“. The false shepherds are deceiving the masses, who are ready to swear by and die for the new and distant ideals, believing that what has been established in Russia is socialism. This is a colossal lie! The government which has been established in Russia is only a fraction of the socialist party. The proletariat in Russia is labouring just as before, and they are being exploited just as before… We understand perfectly well that some writers coming from bourgeois circles have sympathy for Communism. In Russia there is a State, a Government, an order, a bureaucracy, a police force, militarism, and hierarchies. But socialism is not to be found. There is not even the beginnings of socialism; there is nothing resembling a socialist regime. Leninism is the perfect negation of socialism. It is the government of a new caste of politicians. That is why it is very difficult to find apologists of Leninism among the talking heads of Russian and Western socialism. The most violent reactions against Leninism did not come from the bourgeois, but from the very men who fought and suffered for the redemption of the working masses. These men are Plekhanov, the master of the Russian Marxists, and Kropotkin, the apostle of anarchy. [...] We reaffirm that Leninism has nothing to do with socialism, yet the official Italian socialists, with threatening shouts, are calling for aid to save Russia. But Russia does not need to be saved, because it is no danger whatsoever. [...] If Petrograd (St. Petersburg) does not fall, if Denikin marks time, it is because the great Jewish bankers of London and New York so desire, linked up as they are by racial ties with the Jews who, in Moscow as in Budapest are taking revenge on the Aryan race which has condemned them to dispersion for so many centuries. In Russia 80% of the Soviet leaders are Jews. In Budapest 17 out of the 22 people’s commissars are Jews. Might it not be that Bolshevism is the vendetta of Judaism against Christianity? It is a subject certainly worth pondering. It is entirely possible that Bolshevism will drown in the blood of a pogrom of catastrophic proportions. World finance is in the hands of the Jews. Whoever possesses the nations vaults controls their politics. Behind the puppets of Paris stand the Rothschilds, the Warburgs, the Schiffs, the Guggenheims, who are of the same blood as the masters of St. Petersburg and Budapest. Race does not betray race. Bolshevism is defended by international plutocracy. That is the essential truth. International plutocracy, dominated and controlled by the Jews, has a supreme interest in hastening all of Russian life through its process of molecular disintegration to the point of paroxysm. A paralyzed Russia, disorganized and hungry, will tomorrow be the place where the bourgeoisie—yes the bourgeoisie, my dear proletarians—will celebrate its spectacular abundance. The kings of gold believe that Bolshevism must live now, to better prepare the ground for the new business of capitalism. American capitalism has already obtained a great “concession” in Russia. But there are still mines, springs, land, workshops, which are waiting to be exploited by international capitalism. [...] The fate of Leninism does not depend on the proletariat of Russia or of France, much less that of Italy. Leninism will live for as long as the kings of finance so desire; it will die when the same kings of finance decide to kill it. The anti-Bolshevik armies, which from time to time are affected by a mysterious paralysis, will become simply overwhelming at a given time which will be chosen by the kings of finance. The Jews of the Soviets precede the Jews of the banks. The fate of St. Petersburg is not determined on the icy steppes of Finland, but in the banks of London, New York, and Tokyo. To state that the international bourgeoisie now wants to destroy the Soviet Regime is to state a gross lie. If, tomorrow, the plutocratic bourgeoisie decides to destroy it, they will have no difficulty whatsoever because their “accomplices”, the Leninists, already sit and work for them in the Kremlin.
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
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March 21st, 2014 | #5 |
Bread and Circuses
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If I advance, follow me; if I retreat, kill me; if I die, avenge me! It is better to live one day as a lion than a hundred years as a sheep! – Benito Mussolini 1. Like every sound political conception, Fascism is both practice and thought; action in which a doctrine is immanent, and a doctrine which, arising out of a given system of historical forces, remains embedded in them and works there from within. Hence it has a form correlative to the contingencies of place and time, but it has also a content of thought which raises it to a formula of truth in the higher level of the history of thought. In the world one does not act spiritually as a human will dominating other wills without a conception of the transient and particular reality under which it is necessary to act, and of the permanent and universal reality in which the first has its being and its life. In order to know men it is necessary to know man; and in order to know man it is necessary to know reality and its laws. There is no concept of the State which is not fundamentally a concept of life: philosophy or intuition, a system of ideas which develops logically or is gathered up into a vision or into a faith, but which is always, at least virtually, an organic conception of the world. 2. Thus Fascism could not be understood in many of its practical manifestations as a party organization, as a system of education, as a discipline, if it were not always looked at in the light of its whole way of conceiving in a spiritual way. The world seen through Fascism is not this material world which appears on the surface, in which man is an individual separated from all others and standing by himself, and in which he is governed by a natural law that makes him instinctively live a life of selfish and momentary pleasure. The man of Fascism is an individual who is nation and fatherland, which is a moral law, binding together individuals and the generations into a tradition and a mission, suppressing the instinct for a life enclosed within the brief round of pleasure in order to restore within duty a higher life free from the limits of time and space: a life in which the individual, through the denial of himself, through the sacrifice of his own private interests, through death itself, realizes that completely spiritual existence in which his value as a man lies. 3. Therefore it is a spiritual conception, itself the result of the general reaction of modern times against the flabby materialistic positivism of the nineteenth century. Anti-positivistic, but positive: not skeptical, nor agnostic, nor pessimistic, nor passively optimistic, as are, in general, the doctrines (all negative) that put the center of life outside man, who with his free will can and must create his own world. Fascism desires an active man, one engaged in activity with all his energies: it desires a man virilely conscious of the difficulties that exist in action and ready to face them. It conceives of life as a struggle, considering that it behooves man to conquer for himself that life truly worthy of him, creating first of all in himself the instrument (physical, moral, intellectual) in order to construct it. Thus for the single individual, thus for the nation, thus for humanity. Hence the high value of culture in all its forms (art, religion, science), and the enormous importance of education. Hence also the essential value of work with which man conquers nature and creates the human world (economic, political, moral, intellectual). 4. This — positive conception of life is clearly an ethical conception. It covers the whole of reality, not merely the human activity which controls it. No action can be divorced from moral judgment; there is nothing in the world which can be deprived of the value which belongs to everything in its relation to moral ends. Life, therefore, as conceived by the Fascist, is serious, austere, religious: the whole of it is poised in a world supported by the moral and responsible forces of the spirit. The Fascist disdains the “comfortable” life. 5. Fascism is a religious conception in which man is seen in his immanent relationship with a superior law and with an objective Will that transcends the particular individual and raises him to conscious membership of a spiritual society. Whoever has seen in the religious politics of the Fascist regime nothing but mere opportunism has not understood that Fascism besides being a system of government is also, and above all, a system of thought. 6. Fascism is an historical conception, in which man is what he is only in so far as he works with the spiritual process in which he finds himself, in the family or social group, in the nation and in the history in which all nations collaborate. From this follows the great value of tradition, in memories, in language, in customs, in the standards of social life. Outside history man is nothing. Consequently Fascism is opposed to all the individualistic abstractions of a materialistic nature like those of the eighteenth century; and it is opposed to all Jacobin utopias and innovations. It does not consider that “happiness” is possible upon earth, as it appeared to be in the desire of the economic literature of the eighteenth century, and hence it rejects all teleological theories according to which mankind would reach a definitive stabilized condition at a certain period in history. This implies putting oneself outside history and life, which is a continual change and coming to be. Politically, Fascism wishes to be a realistic doctrine; practically, it aspires to solve only the problems which arise historically of themselves and that of themselves find or suggest their own solution. To act among men, as to act in the natural world, it is necessary to enter into the process of reality and to master the already operating forces. 7. Against individualism, the Fascist conception is for the State; and it is for the individual in so far as he coincides with the State, which is the conscience and universal will of man in his historical existence. It is opposed to classical Liberalism, which arose from the necessity of reacting against absolutism, and which brought its historical purpose to an end when the State was transformed into the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the interests of the particular individual; Fascism reaffirms the State as the true reality of the individual. And if liberty is to be the attribute of the real man, and not of that abstract puppet envisaged by individualistic Liberalism, Fascism is for liberty. And for the only liberty which can be a real thing, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State. Therefore, for the Fascist, everything is in the State, and nothing human or spiritual exists, much less has value, outside the State. In this sense Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State, the synthesis and unity of all values, interprets, develops and gives strength to the whole life of the people. 8. Outside the State there can be neither individuals nor groups (political parties, associations, syndicates, classes). Therefore Fascism is opposed to Socialism, which confines the movement of history within the class struggle and ignores the unity of classes established in one economic and moral reality in the State; and analogously it is opposed to class syndicalism. Fascism recognizes the real exigencies for which the socialist and syndicalist movement arose, but while recognizing them wishes to bring them under the control of the State and give them a purpose within the corporate system of interests reconciled within the unity of the State. 9. Individuals form classes according to the similarity of their interests, they form syndicates according to differentiated economic activities within these interests; but they form first, and above all, the State, which is not to be thought of numerically as the sum-total of individuals forming the majority of a nation. And consequently Fascism is opposed to Democracy, which equates the nation to the majority, lowering it to the level of that majority; nevertheless it is the purest form of democracy if the nation is conceived, as it should be, qualitatively and not quantitatively, as the most powerful idea (most powerful because most moral, most coherent, most true) which acts within the nation as the conscience and the will of a few, even of One, which ideal tends to become active within the conscience and the will of all; that is to say, of all those who rightly constitute a nation by reason of nature, history or race, and have set out upon the same line of development and spiritual formation as one conscience and one sole will. Not a race, nor a geographically determined region, but as a community historically perpetuating itself, a multitude unified by a single idea, which is the will to existence and to power: consciousness of itself, personality. 10. This higher personality is truly the nation in so far as it is the State. It is not the nation that generates the State, as according to the old naturalistic concept which served as the basis of the political theories of the national States of the nineteenth century. Rather the nation is created by the State, which gives to the people, conscious of its own moral unity, a will and therefore an effective existence. The right of a nation to independence derives not from a literary and ideal consciousness of its own being, still less from a more or less unconscious and inert acceptance of a de facto situation, but from an active consciousness, from a political will in action and ready to demonstrate its own rights: that is to say, from a state already coming into being. The State, in fact, as the universal ethical will, is the creator of right. 11. The nation as the State is an ethical reality which exists and lives in so far as it develops. To arrest its development is to kill it. Therefore the State is not only the authority which governs and gives the form of laws and the value of spiritual life to the wills of individuals, but it is also a power that makes its will felt abroad, making it known and respected; in other words, demonstrating the fact of its universality in all the necessary directions of its development. It is consequently organization and expansion, at least virtually. Thus it can be likened to the human will which knows no limits to its development and realizes itself in testing its own limitlessness. 12. The Fascist State, the highest and most powerful form of personality, is a force, but a spiritual force, which takes over all the forms of the moral and intellectual life of man. It cannot therefore confine itself simply to the functions of order and supervision as Liberalism desired. It is not simply a mechanism which limits the sphere of the supposed liberties of the individual. It is the form, the inner standard and the discipline of the whole person; it saturates the will as well as the intelligence. Its principle, the central inspiration of the human personality living in the civil community, pierces into the depths and makes its home in the heart of the man of action as well as of the thinker, of the artist as well as of the scientist: it is the soul of the soul. 13. Fascism, in short, is not only the giver of laws and the founder of institutions, but the educator and promoter of spiritual life. It wants to remake, not the forms of human life, but its content, man, character, faith. And to this end it requires discipline and authority that can enter into the spirits of men and there govern unopposed. Its sign, therefore, is the Lectors’ rods, the symbol of unity, of strength and justice. http://www.historyguide.org/europe/duce.html
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
March 24th, 2014 | #6 |
Bread and Circuses
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
March 30th, 2014 | #7 | |
Bread and Circuses
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Italian Fascism: An Interpretation
By James B. Whisker Quote:
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. Last edited by RickHolland; March 30th, 2014 at 12:46 PM. |
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April 23rd, 2014 | #8 |
Bread and Circuses
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Life in Fascist Italy
Life in Mussolini's Italy was little different from other dictatorships which existed between 1918 and 1939. Nazi Germany and Stalin's Russia were to use (and expand) on developments that had been in existence in Fascist Italy since the 1920's. People had little control over their personal life and the state controlled as much of you as they could. Those who opposed the state were suitably punished. Dealing with opposition ll Italians were expected to obey Mussolini and his Fascist Party. Authority was enforced by the use of the Blackshirts – the nickname for the Fasci di Combattimenti. Those men in this unit were usually ex-soldiers and it was their job to bring into line those who opposed Mussolini. It was the Blackshirts who murdered the socialist Matteotti – an outspoken critic of Mussolini. The motto of the Blackshirts was "Me ne frego" (I do not give a damn") Though they were probably less feared than Hitler’s SS, the Blackshirts did maintain an iron rule in Italy. One favoured way of making people conform was to tie a ‘troublemaker’ to a tree, force a pint or two of castor oil down the victim’s throat and force him to eat a live toad/frog etc. This punishment was enough to ensure people kept their thoughts to themselves. The murderous tactics used by the Gestapo and SS in Germany were rarely used in Italy. When Mussolini said: "Italy wants peace and quiet, work and calm. I will give these things with love if possible and with force if necessary." the message was clear – those who wanted to rock the boat would be suitably dealt with. Italy did have a secret police under Mussolini. It was called the OVRA. It was formed in 1927 and was lead by Arturo Bocchini. The death penalty was restored under Mussolini for serious offences. Yet up to 1940 only ten people had been sentenced to death. Only 4000 people were arrested by the OVRA and sent to prison. This figure was massively overshadowed by the actions of the Gestapo and SS in Nazi Germany. Prisons were set up on remote Mediterranean islands such as Ponza and Lipari. Condition for those sentenced to the prisons here were crude and many anti-Fascists simply left Italy for their own safety. Education in Fascist Italy Adults who opposed Mussolini were dealt with harshly. However, the children were the Fascists of the future and Mussolini took a keen interest in the state’s education system and the youth organizations that existed in Italy. Hitler used the same approach in Nazi Germany. Mussolini wanted a nation of warriors. Boys were expected to grow into fierce soldiers who would fight with glory for Italy while girls were expected to be good mothers who would provide Italy with a population that a great power was expected to have. Children were taught at school, that the great days of modern Italy started in 1922 with the March on Rome. Children were taught that Mussolini was the only man who could lead Italy back to greatness. Children were taught to call him "Il Duce" and boys were encouraged to attend after school youth movements. Three existed. Organisation / Age Group / Uniform Sons of the She Wolf / 4 to 8 / Black shirt Balilla / 8 to 14 / Black shirt, black cap, shorts, grey socks Avanguardista / 14 to 18 / Same as Balilla except knickerbockers instead of shorts. Boys were taught that fighting for them was a natural extension of the normal male lifestyle. One of the more famous Fascist slogans was "War is to the male what childbearing is to the female." Girls were taught that giving birth was natural – while for boys, fighting was the same – natural. Children were taught to obey those in charge. This was not an unusual move in a dictatorship. Once the OVRA had dealt with those adults who challenged the authority of the state, all future adults of Fascist Italy would be model civilians and not a challenge to those in charge. Boys took part in semi-military exercises while members of the Balilla. They marched and used imitation guns. Mussolini had once said "I am preparing the young to a fight for life, but also for the nation." Members of the Balilla had to remember the following: "I believe in Rome, the Eternal, the mother of my country……I believe in the genius of Mussolini…and in the resurrection of the Empire." The glory of the old Roman Empire always lurked in the background of much of what children did. A child in a youth movements was a "legionary" while an adult officer was a "centurion" – a throw back to the days of when the Ancient Roman army dominated much of western Europe. Women in Fascist Italy As in Nazi Germany, women were seen as having a specific role in Fascist Italy. The task of young girls was to get married and have children – lots of them. In 1927, Mussolini launched his Battle for Births. Mussolini believed that his Italy had a smaller population than it should have. How could it possibly be a power to reckon with, without a substantial population and a substantial army? Women were encouraged to have children and the more children brought better tax privileges – an idea Hitler was to build on. Large families got better tax benefits but bachelors were hit by high taxation. Families were given a target of 5 children. Mothers who produced more were warmly received by the Fascist government. In 1933, Mussolini met 93 mothers at the Palazzo Venezia who had produced over 1300 children - an average of 13 each! Mussolini wanted Italy to have a population of 60 million by 1950. In 1920, it stood at 37 million so his target was a tall order. However, the Battle for Births was a failure. Though the population grew as people were living longer due to better medical care, the birth rate actually went down between 1927 and 1934. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk...cist_italy.htm
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
April 23rd, 2014 | #9 |
Bread and Circuses
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Nicola Bombacci: from Lenin to Mussolini By Erik Norling (from the book «Revolutionary Fascism», pages 35-46) On 29th April 1945 the main fascist leaders were assassinated at the hands of communist partisans. And between those fascists we find, curiously, Nicola Bombacci, former maximum figure of Italian communism, founder of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), a personal friend of Lenin with whom he was in the USSR during the years of the Revolution, nicknamed the "Red Pope" by the bourgeoisie and finally unconditional follower of Mussolini, whom he joined in the last months of his regime. Is his history a story of betrayal or conversion? Or perhaps, the natural evolution of a national-bolchevik?... A young revolutionary Nicola Bombacci is born within a Catholic family (his father was a farmer, a former soldier of the Papal States) from Romagna, in the province of Forli, on 24 October 1879, a few kilometers from Predappio, where four years later would be born the future founder of Fascism. It is a region marked by fierce worker struggles and by peasants accustomed to rebellion, a land of extreme passions. By father imposition he joined the seminary but quickly abandons when his father died. In 1903 he joined the anticlerical Socialist Party (PSI) and decides to become a teacher so he can serve the lower classes in their struggle (again the similarities with Duce are evident, having studying in the same college) but quickly devotes his body and soul to the socialist revolution. His ability to work and his organizational skills got him in the staff of the socialist media outlets, allowing him to increase his influence within the labor movement, then becoming Secretary of the Party Central Committee, where he will meet a young guy: Benito Mussolini, who, let us not forget, was the promise of Italian socialism before becoming national revolutionary. Opposing the moderate line of social democracy, Bombacci along with Gramsci will found the Communist Party of Italy after the internal break up of the PSI and will travel in the early 20's to the USSR, to participate in the Bolshevik Revolution, where he had previously been as representative of the Socialist Party and was won over by the Soviet cause. There he befriends Lenin who will tell him in a reception in the Kremlin these famous words about Mussolini: "In Italy, comrades, in Italy there is only a socialist that can lead the people to revolution: Benito Mussolini," and shortly after the Duce would start a revolution, but fascist ... As leader (Antonio Gramsci was the theorist, Bombacci the organizer) of the newly created PCI, he becomes the authentic "public enemy No. 1" of the Italian bourgeoisie, who nicknames him as "The Red Pope". He will brilliantly revalidate his deputy chair, this time in the lists of the new formation, while the fascist squads begin to take the streets facing the communist militias in bloody combats. Bombacci will endeavor to stop the march of fascism to power but he will fail, from the pages of his newspapers he launches tirades against fascism and claiming the defense of the communist revolution. It is a time when blackshirt squads sing irreverent songs such as: "I don't fear Bombacci / With Bombacci beard we will make spazzolini (brushes) / To brighten the bald of Benito Mussolini". Period when communism is full of internal tensions and Bombacci enters into controversy with his fellow party comrades, being one of the friction points the choice between nationalism and internationalism. He had shown nationalist tendencies before, that did portend his future line. While he was still in the Socialist Party and as consequence of the document protesting against the action of D'Annunzio in Fiume, Bombacci rebelled and wrote about him that he was "Perfectly and profundly revolutionary; because D'Annunzio is revolutionary. Lenin said it in the Congress of Moscow". The first fascism In 1922 the fascists march over the capital of the Tiber; nothing can stop Mussolini to take the power, even if he is not absolute during the first years of the regime. As a deputy and member of the Central Comitee of the Party, as well as responsible for foreign relations, Bombacci frequently travels abroad. He participates in the IV International Communist Congress representing Italy and in the Comitee of the Antifascist Action he interviews himself with the russian bolshevik leaders. He has already half of his life dedicated to the proletariat cause and he is not willing to give up his effort to put in practice his socialist dream. He becomes an enthusiastic advocate of an approximation of Italy to the USSR in the comitee and in the communist press, talking securely in the name of and by instigation of moscow leaders, but using a national revolutionary discourse that disturbs the Party, that is in full disbanding after the fascist victory. The relations with the revolutionary Soviet state would be an advantage to Italy as a nation who also is going through a revolutionary process, even if fascist. He is immediatly accused of being heretic and he is asked to rectify his positions. They can't accept that a communist demands, like Bombacci did, "overcoming the Nation without destroying it, we want it bigger, because we want a government of workers and farmers", socialist without denying that the fatherland is "sacred and undeniable right of every person and of all groups of men". It is called the "Third Position" where fascism revolutionary nationalism meets up with communist revolutionary socialism. Bombacci is progressively marginalized within the PCI and condemned to political ostracism, although he did not cease contacts with some russian leaders and the russian embassy where he worked at, besides that one of his sons lived in the USSR. He sincerely believed in the Bolshevik revolution and, unlike his italian comrades, the russians had a national sense of revolution and never will deny his friendship with the USSR, even after joining permanently to fascism. With the expulsion from the party in 1927, Bombacci enters a stage that we can qualify as the years of silence that lasts until 1936, when he launches his magazine called "La Veritŕ" and culminating in 1943 in a gradual conversion to fascism. However it is too easy to consider that Bombacci just changed arms and baggage to fascism as those who want to accuse him of being a "traitor". We will see a slow approach, not to fascism but to Mussolini and the left wing fascist movement, where Bombacci feels cozy and within family, near his revolutionary conceptions, corporatism and social laws of this fascism that "all the postulate is a program of socialism", according to what he said in 1928. This way we prove that Bombacci was not a fascist, but he supports the achievements of the regime and the figure of Mussolini. He did not approach the fascist party - never signed up for the National Fascist Party - despite his acknowledged friendship with Mussolini, he did not accept jobs and neither renounced his communist origins. His independence was worth more. However he became convinced that the state proposed by the Corporate Fascism was the most perfect realization, socialism put into practice, a state superior to communism. He never concealed his ideals, in 1936 he was writting in the journal "La Veritŕ", confessing his adherence to fascism but also to communism: "Fascism did a great social revolution, Lenin and Mussolini. Soviet and fascist corporate state, Rome and Moscow. Much had to be rectified, nothing we have to apologise, because today as yesterday we are moved by the same ideal: the triumph of labor." While this was going on, Bombacci has a long epistolary exchange with Duce trying to influence the old socialist in his social policy. The maximum historian of fascism, Renzo de Felice, wrote about this that Bombacci had the merit of having suggested Mussolini more than one of the measures of the 30's. In one of these letters, dated July 1934, he proposes a program of municipal economy (which Mussolini would put in practise) where Bombacci tells the Duce, that this is him showing his "willingness to work more on what now concerns the interest and the triumph the Corporate State ... ", as also from the pages of his magazine where many times he struggles for an autarky that makes Italy an independent country and able to face the plutocratic powers (read the U.S. but also France and England). Because of that he strongly supports the intervention in Ethiopia in 1935, but not as colonial campaign but as a prelude to the confrontation between the "proletarian" countries (among whom was Fascist Italy) and the "capitalists" that would inevitably happen, that "world revolution which would restore the global equilibrium". The Italian action would be a "typical and unmistakable proletarian conquest" designed to defeat the "capitalist" powers and whose experience "should be taken as really important ... for the redemption of the people of color that were still under the most terrible oppression of capitalism". Against Stalin Between the years 1936 and 1945, hard times for fascism because the armed conflicts were initiated, prelude to the defeat, Bombacci adds his ideological adherence to Mussolini. It is a man with almost 60 years, he has seen how many of his socialist dreams have not been realized, but he is an eternal idealist and is not willing to abandon the struggle for socialism, "this work of redemption and economic upliftment of the Italian proletariat that the socialists of the first hour had started". His publishing is an economic ruin, his biographers have left constancy of the difficulties and hardships that he suffered. It would have sufficed an opportunistic step to integrate into the official fascism and he would have been provided all the aids of the state apparatus but he does not want to lose his independence although sometimes he accepted grants from the Ministry of Popular Culture. This phase coincides with a profound reflection on his past mistakes and a series of attacks on Russian communism that had been sold to the capitalist powers betraying Lenin postulates. So writes Bombacci in November 1937, relations between the USSR and the democratic countries had only one explanation that would reveal everything else "the reason is only one, frivolous, vulgar, but true: the interest, money, business" so this former communist could openly declare that "we proclaim with a clear conscience that Bolshevik Russia of Stalin became a colony the hebrew-masonic international capitalism...". The anti-semitic allusion is not new in Bombacci nor the socialist theorists of the beginning of the century, because we should not forget that anti-Semitism had its most fervent advocates precisely between doctrinaire revolutionaries of the late nineteenth century, when the Jew embodied the figure of the hated capitalist. In Bombacci we don't find a racialist anti-semitism but rather social, according to the positions of Mediterranean jewish problem differently from German or French anti-Judaism. When World War II starts, and especially when it starts on the Eastern Front, Bombacci participates fully in anti-communist campaigns of the regime. As communist leader knowledgeable of the USSR his voice is heard. However not deny his ideals, rather deepens the thesis that Stalin and his henchmen have betrayed the revolution. Writes numerous articles against Stalin, about the real conditions of life in the so called "communist paradise", the measures adopted by him to destroy all the successes of Leninist socialism. In 1943, shortly before the fall of Fascism, concluded Bombacci summarizing his position on a flyer: "Which of the two revolutions, fascist or bolshevik, will make history in the twentieth century and will remain in history as the creator of a new order of the world and social values? Which of the two revolutions solved the agrarian problem truly interpreting the wishes and aspirations of the peasants and the economic and social interests of the national community? Rome has won! Moscow materialistic and semi-barbaric, with a totalitarian capitalism of a state-boss that wants to join with full force (Five Year Plans), leading his citizens to the blackest misery, the industrialization existent in the countries that during the nineteenth century followed a bourgeois capitalist process. Moscow completes the capitalist stage. Rome is something different. Moscow, with the reform of Stalin, portrays itself institutionally in terms of any bourgeois parliamentary state. Economically there is a substantial difference, because, while the bourgeois government is formed by representatives of the capitalist class, here the government is in the hands of bolshevik bureaucracy, a new class that is actually worse than the capitalist class because it has full control of work, production and life of citizens." The Italian Social Republic When Mussolini was deposed in July 1943 and rescued by the Germans a few months later, the National Fascist Party had already crumbled. The organic structure had disappeared, the party leaders from the privileged strata of society run away en masse to Badoglio government and Italy was divided into two (in the south of Rome the Allies advance towards the north). Mussolini regroups his most faithful, all of them old comrades from the first hour or young enthusiasts, almost none high-level leader, who still believe in the fascist revolution and proclaims the Italian Social Republic. Immediately fascism seems to return to his revolutionary origins and Nicola Bombacci adheres to the proclaimed republic and gives Mussolini all his support. His dream is to undertake the construction of the "Republic of workers" in which both he and Mussolini have fought together in the early twentieth century. Just like Bombacci, other known leftist intelectuals join the new government: Carlo Silvestri (socialist deputy, after the war a defender of the memory of the Duce), Edmondo Cione (socialist philosopher who will be authorized to create a socialist party apart from the Republican Fascist Party), etc. The first contact with Mussolini occurs on 11 October, just a month after the proclamation of RSI, and is epistolary. Bombacci writes Mussolini from Rome, the city where fascism collapsed noisily (the Romans destroyed all the symbols of the regime in the streets), but there are still many fascists at heart there, and this is the moment that he chooses to declare Mussolini that he is with him. Not when everything was going well, but in the harsh moments just like the true comrades do. "Today I am more with you than yesterday" - Bombacci confesses - "the vile betrayal of the king/Badoglio brought ruin everywhere and the disgrace to Italy but freed her of all the commitments to the pluto-monarchists of 22. Today the path is free and in my opinion we can only resort to the socialist shelter Above all: the victory of the guns. But to assure the victory it must have the adherence of the working masses. How? With decisive and radical deeds in the economic-productive and syndical sector... Always at your service with great affection for already thirty years." Mussolini was harassed by the military situation, but he was more determined than ever to carry out his revolution now that he freed himself from the ballast of the past, authorizes the most radical of the party to take power and begins a phase called "socialization" (name proposed by Bombacci and accepted by Duce) which will result in the enactment of laws with clear socialist inspiration, in relation to the creation of trade unions, co-management of enterprises, distribution of profits and nationalization of industries of importance. All this was summarized in the 18 points of the first (and only) congress of the Republican Fascist Party in Verona, document drafted jointly by Mussolini and Bombacci, who would serve as base to the Social Republican State. In foreign policy he will attempt to persuade Mussolini to make peace with the USSR and to continue the war against the Anglo-Saxon plutocracy, resurrect the Rome-Berlin-Moscow axis from the geopolitical thinkers of National Bolshevism of the 20s, proposal that seems to have succeeded in Mussolini who will write several articles for the republican press on this issue even though this proposal had a tenacious opposition from a broad sector of the party, particularly Roberto Farinacci. Bombacci travels to the north and reinstalls himself near his friend Walter Mocchi, another veteran communist leader converted to Mussolini fascism who works for the Ministry of Popular Culture. If for many the last Mussolini was a broken man, puppet of the Germans, it is surprising the adherence he receives from men like Bombacci, a true idealist, of imposing stature, with a beard and a compelling oratory, allergic to everything that meant accommodating or to become bourgeois, whereas it is not even now accepting a salary or stipend (only in early 1945 his name appears on a list of proposed salaries of the Ministry of Economics and as Chief of the Single Confederation of Labour and Technique). Bombacci will become personal advisor and confidant of Mussolini, to attract again the workers to the bases of the party. Proposes the creation of union committees, open to non-fascist militants, free union elections and travels to factories from the industrialized North (Milan-Turin) explaining the social revolution of the new regime and why he joined it. The old revolutionary fighter seems to rejuvenate again, after a rally in Verona and several visits to socialized companies he writes the Duce on December 22, 1944: "I spoke for one hour and thirty minutes in a theater open and enthusiastic... the audience composed of mostly workers cheered by shouting: yes, we want to fight for Italy, for the republic, through socialization ... in the morning I visited Mondadori who is already socialized and I spoke to the workers who constitute the Board of Management that I found them full of enthusiasm and understanding for our mission". While the military situation deteriorated, the communist terrorist groups (the tragically famous GAP) had already decided to eliminate him by the danger that his activity represented to their objectives. But the war is almost over. Benito Mussolini, advised by former Socialist deputy Carlo Silvestri and Bombacci, proposes to hand over the power to the Socialists, integrated into the National Liberation Committee. In April 1945, the German military authorities surrender to the Allies, without informing the Italians, it's the end. Abandoned and alone. Twilight of a National Revolutonary During the last months of the ISR, Bombbaci continued to campaign to recover the masses and to avoid them to join by Bolshevism. In late 1944 published a pamphlet entitled 'This is Bolshevism', reproduced in the Catholic newspaper "Crociata Italica" in March 1945. Bombacci insists in the criticism of the real stalinist communism, deviations that destroyed the true revolutionary syndicalism in Europe with Russian interference. In these last weeks of life of the republican experience Bombacci is alongside those who still believe in a compromise with the enemy so as to prevent the ruin of the country. Loyal to the end, he will stay with Mussolini even when everything is definitely lost. Prophetically, he talks about this to his workers in one of his last public appearances in March 1945: "Brothers in faith and fight ... I did not renounce to my ideals for which I fought and for which, if God lets me live longer, I will fight forever. But now I find myself in the ranks of the colors of the Italian Social Republic, and returned again because now it is serious and it is truly decisive to fight for the rights of the workers ... " Nicola Bombacci, always faithful, always serene, will accompany Mussolini in his last dramatic journey to death. On the 25th of April he is in Milan. The account of Vittorio Mussolini, son of Il Duce, on his last encounter with his father, accompanied by Bombacci, shows us the entirety of him: "I thought about the fate of this man, a true apostle of the proletariat, at some point staunch enemy of fascism and now alongside my father, without any position or prebend, faithful to two different bosses until death. His calmness served me as comfort." Shortly thereafter, after Mussolini separated from the column of his last faithful to save them from having the same destiny as him, Bombacci is arrested by a group of communist partisans along with a group of fascists. On the morning of April 28 he was placed against the wall in Dongo, in the north of the country, next to Barracu who was a valiant veteran mutilated of war, Pavolini, the poet-secretary of the party, Valerio Zerbino, an intellectual and Coppola, another thinker. All of them scream, before the murderous platoon, "Long live Italy!". Bombacci while pelting riddled by bullets from the communists, shouted: "Long live socialism!". ENGLISH TRANSLATION 1) It's not true that during the twenty years of Regime, fascist economy was capitalist. Any legislative action attests to the continuing aggression by the part of the national state and proletariat on the overwhelming power private. Same corporatism, which has nothing to do with the classist meaning assigned it after by the Marxist dialectics, has been a counter-current experience compared to capitalism, because it focuses on organic unity of society. Capitalism naturally exerted containment against Duce's authoritarian revolution, and although rooted in a logic of action / reaction, the regime still managed to impose on the industrialists relations of harmony between work and capital, between society and individuality. In this logic of harmony developed during that two decades the capital-work relation. That revolutionary work did not stop during the regime. This should be clarified in relation to those who still argue that the regime was bourgeois and capitalist. 2) During the Social Republic the presence of the reaction is low and its specific gravity reduced, so that Mussolini could go further. The capitalist is reabsorbed by the organic social structure, and he remains, except in cases in which this role goes beyond the political sphere, the owner of capital and enterprise. But its role is valid only if it acquires social function, and so that it becomes participating and joint responsible. It is no longer above others, no longer master, but he manages control joint with workers. The marked social vocation is evident. This has a definite economic meaning, but an even more important political issue. 3) Certainly the Social Republic, as he had at birth "meant" to the tragic end, he had to impress more strongly the trace of the true dignity for all the Peoples. As the sun before sunset greets us with a light yet stronger. 4) Socialization (Fascist Socialism) is altruism, is the dignity of Work, and moral and political uprightness of the workers. If you are selfish you will be worse than your masters 5) The enemies of Bolshevism and Fascism were the right wing pluto-monarchist. 6) Capital in the service of work and not work in the service of capital ... The profit in the service of man and not man in the service of profit ... 7) If Lenin, which I have always admired deeply, had he lived, the program of the USSR would have been different. We probably saw Fascism, Nationalism and Bolshevism united against another enemy: the Plutocracy. 8) Dear Comrades *,... I have not changed, are always the same. Comrades! Look me in the face, comrades! You are now wondering if I am the same socialist agitator, the founder of the Communist Party, Lenin's friend that I was before. Yes, I'm still the same! I never denied the ideals for which I fought and for which I will always fight. I was next to Lenin in the beaming days of the Revolution, I believed that Bolshevism was the vanguard of working-class triumph, but then I realized the deception. Socialism shall not be realize by Stalin, but by Mussolini, which is Socialist, even if for twenty years he has been hampered by the high class, who then betrayed him. But Mussolini was freed of all the traitors and he needs you, the workers, to create the new proletarian state! *words Compagno(communist) and Camerata(fascist) correspond to the same word, Comrade, in english, but they have a very different meaning in italian language!In deutsch: compagno-genosse, camerata-kamerade 9) "I had a great social revolution, Mussolini and Lenin. Soviet and Fascist Corporative State, Rome and Moscow. We have very to correct, but nothing to be forgiven, today as yesterday the same ideal joins us together: the triumph of Work." 10)"Duce, I have already written in "The Truth" - having had a first impression - of what Freemasonry, Plutocracy and the Monarchy were plotting against you. Today more than ever I am with you. The dirty betrayal of the King and Badoglio , which has unfortunately dragged Italy into ruin and dishonour, there has, however, freed you from all the components of a pluto-monarchist right-wing of 1922 ...». 11) To honour a hero like me, the Communist Bombacci, does not need to force to throw into disrepute other heroic figures, however.
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
April 25th, 2014 | #10 |
Senior Member
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I'm getting tired of revisionist history re: fascism, from all sides of the political spectrum, left and right both.
Fascism was anti-Bolshevik/anti-Marxist, yet, listening to the syndicalist/anarchist oddballs, you'd think that Bolshevism/Marxism was a twin brother of fascism. Nope. No way. For one thing, fascism differs in every country, depending on various factors. ("Fascism" here refers to right-wing socialism with a dictator, or maybe a junta, as ruler). Fascism isn't international in scope. Maybe Mussolini started out as a Marxist, but he finally saw the light and rejected it. --------------------------
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http://www.vanguardnewsnetwork.com/ When Victims Rule: https://nationalvanguard.org/wp-cont...018/10/wvr.pdf National Alliance: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/Lfluu5Az8RO5/ Online books: http://www.colchestercollection.com/titles.html |
June 12th, 2014 | #11 |
Bread and Circuses
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Fascist Art
A triptych painting depicting Mussolini and the achievements of Italian Fascist "sintesi Fascista 1935" by Alesandro Bruschetti (Italian 1910 - 19810 http://www.midcenturia.com/2010/12/t...paintings.html http://weimarart.blogspot.pt/2010/07/mario-sironi.html http://www.nyc-architecture.com/ARCH/Notes-Fascist.htm http://www.oberlin.edu/images/Art265b/Art265b.html http://mosaik.wordpress.com/2006/08/...rt-of-mosaics/ http://defeatingtheideal.wordpress.c...fascist-italy/ http://counterlightsrantsandblather1...urism-and.html http://daviebrome.blogspot.pt/2011/0...f-fascist.html The Seeker by Fascist artist De Chirico, a critique of modern man and society Gerardo Dottori Portrait of the Duce 1933 oil on canvas. Milan, Civiche Raccolte d'Arte Aero Portrait of Benito Mussolini the Aviator, Filippo Marinetti Il Duce, Alessandro Bruschetti
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
June 12th, 2014 | #12 |
Bread and Circuses
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Continuous Profile - Head of Mussolini, Renato Guiseppe Bertelli
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
August 25th, 2014 | #13 |
Bread and Circuses
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Fascist Ideology
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/intl/ema...69_ex_ch12.pdf "Fascist Ideology", Fascism, A Reader's Guide, Analyses, Interpretations, Bibliography, edited by Walter Laqueur, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1976. pp 315–376. http://www.ucpress.edu/op.php?isbn=9780520036420 http://books.google.com/books?id=2s8...0Guide&f=false
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
October 11th, 2014 | #14 |
Bread and Circuses
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Only force rules. Force is the first law - Adolf H. http://erectuswalksamongst.us/ http://tinyurl.com/cglnpdj Man has become great through struggle - Adolf H. http://tinyurl.com/mo92r4z Strength lies not in defense but in attack - Adolf H. |
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