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Old December 29th, 2014 #1
alex revision
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Default Remember the Wilhelm Gustloff, 1945



Remember the Wilhelm Gustloff, 1945

In the night of January 30th, 1945 while evacuating refugees from Eastern Germany, the Gustloff, which was designed to carry a max. 1,865 passengers, had 10,582 on board when she was torpedoed by Soviet sub S-13. An estimated 9,343 Germans, mainly civilians, including men, women, elderly, sick and wounded, and about 5,000 children, perished in the frigid Baltic Sea waters, making it the largest loss of life in a single ship sinking in maritime history.

Read more:

http://justice4germans.com/2013/06/2...c-proportions/
 
Old December 29th, 2014 #2
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Never forget, never forgive!
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Old December 29th, 2014 #3
Ray Allan
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Far worse than the Titanic, but very few people know about the Wilhelm Gustloff. Think Hymiewood would ever make a movie about this? Not likely.
 
Old December 29th, 2014 #4
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Ray Allan View Post
Far worse than the Titanic, but very few people know about the Wilhelm Gustloff. Think Hymiewood would ever make a movie about this? Not likely.
Much, much worse than the Titanic. But since its just 10,000 Germans that died, its nothing.

Can you imagine if reversed? If German U-boat torpedoed a ship full of jews/ british, Russian, American civilians in the masses in 1945? War criminals for sure!

History is written by the victors.
 
Old January 31st, 2015 #5
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This past Friday was the 70th anniversary of that terrible tragedy and mass-murder by Soviet jew-tools.
 
Old February 1st, 2015 #6
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Old January 22nd, 2020 #7
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Between Fire and Ice: The Story of the Wilhelm Gustloff

Thomas Goodrich

Ever heard of the Wilhelm Gustloff? Neither had I. To this day, the deliberate sinking of this refugee ship filled with women and children remains not only the worst nautical disaster in world history but one of the most heartless and sadistic war crimes ever committed. The following is from my book, Hellstorm–The Death of Nazi Germany, 1944-1947

For millions of Germans cut off on the Baltic coast by the rapid Red Army advance, only one avenue of escape remained open—the sea. Even here, however, Soviet aircraft controlled the skies above and submarines prowled unseen below. In the various ports along the coast, thousands upon thousands of ragged, frozen refugees pressed to the water’s edge in hopes of landing a spot on one of the few vessels available. The numbers were so great and the fear so consuming that efforts to board when ships did dock often resembled riots.

http://www.renegadetribune.com/betwe...helm-gustloff/
 
Old January 29th, 2023 #10
Ole Massa
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Wilhelm_Gustloff

Wow! Over 9,000 fatalities, and yet we never hear about it.

I guess it's not as romantic as the Titanic.

 
Old September 10th, 2023 #11
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Default Greatest Naval Tragedy EVER - the Sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff.

The Sinking and Wreck of the Wilhelm Gustloff January 30th, 1945

Fleeing from a brutal Soviet Red Army onslaught, the Wilhelm Gustloff is ready to leave port jammed with over 10,000 German refugees, naval personnel, and wounded soldiers aboard. The vessel is designed to hold a maximum of 1,880 passengers and crew. Of the refugees, a staggering 4,000 are infants, children, and youths on their way to promising safety in the West. Minus 18° Celsius, 0° Fahrenheit weather grips the Oxhöft Pier in Gotenhafen on Tuesday, January 30th, 1945.



For the first time in four years, the former flagship of Nazi pleasure cruising sets a course towards the sea and Kiel on mainland Germany. Icebreakers busily work to carve a path through the Bay of Danzig to allow passage to the unforgiving winter waters of the Baltic Sea. On the bridge, disagreement and tension is budding. Two main senior officers command the ship. Both Petersen and Zahn continue their arguing, now focused on the course the Gustloffshould take. Köhler and Weller are also there to add their opinions from their respective places of command.

Around 12:30pm, the Wilhelm Gustloff departs. Unlike its days of joyful peacetime cruising, there are no music bands, flag waving or cheerful send-offs. Instead, anxious hope for the very survival of family members and friends privileged enough to be aboard is evident. Envy and frustration from those who could not board filter through the dejected crowd left at the harbor. Their only hope is to gain passage on one of the other passenger ships anchored at their piers. The Gustloff's pier mate - the Hansa, would also be leaving at the same time with the Gustloff and the torpedoboat Löwe as an escort. The painting at right shows what this would have looked like in calmer weather.Shortly after her departure, a final round of refugees came on board the when the ship Reval had to transfer almost 600 people to the Gustloff. The Wilhelm Gustloff sailed out of Gotenhafen and a transmission was intercepted by what is assumed to be a British station noting her movements at 3:06pm.

ADM (2)
To: ID8G ZIP/ZTPG/334700
From: NS

4282 KC/S T00 1416 T0 1 1506/30/1/45
From: 'Gustloff'

'W. GUSTLOFF' WITH TF.1 LEFT GDYNIA AT 1230. 'LOEWE' WILL FOLLOW ON AS SHE IS TAKING ON OIL. PASSAGE WEST CXXXX VIA WAYS 76, 58, 56, AND 53. W/T WATCH ON 4860 KC/S, 'LO.1', CONVOY WAVE AND RECEIVING WATCH ON 4282 KC/S. 'GUSTLOFF' 991 SOLDIERS, 373 WOMEN NAVAL AUXILIARIES, 3385 CIVILIANS, TF.1: 48 SOLDIERS.

0437/2/2/45 ++++CEL/FA

With the weather as cold and snowy as it was, few could survive for long on her decks and most filled the cramped corridors where one could only stand. As the convoy began their voyage, the Hansa radioed that she was having engine trouble and had to turn back to Gotenhafen. Apparently, time at the pier did not bode well for her machinery. The TF-1 met the same fate and also had to turn around back to port. It was now just the Wilhelm Gustloffand Löwe left to finish the voyage to Kiel.

The situation outside deteriorated as the two ships pressed on. Heavy snowfall was mixed with hail pelting every section of the 684 foot long ship. The wind came howling out of the WNW in near gale strength. Foam from breaking waves is blown into streaks along wind direction. Moderate amounts of airborne spray hit anyone on is standing out on the decks where the temperature is now beginning to hit negative numbers.

Below deck, thousands of passengers attempt to settle into their assigned areas for the journey. Last minute arrivals carve out any reasonable living space they are lucky to find. Every possible space on the ship is occupied. All are instructed over the loudspeaker to wear the lifejackets provided to them. Under no circumstances are they to remove them. Above deck, wind, snow, and hail continue to pelt the Gustloff. The seas become rougher as the bay is left behind. Seasickness begins to set in for many. Unable to relieve themselves overboard, on board toliets become clogged and the stench nauseating.

January 30th, 1945


Most refugees were in such shock after escaping with their lives, they just found an area of the ship to huddle in for the long voyage. Below decks, the situation was far worse. Cabins that were already cramped with the standard 2 or 4 passengers were double or triple that size. Hallways that were only 5 or 6 feet across were virtual barricades with humans acting as the obstacles. The Gustloff's restroom facilities were maxed out and broken from such mass use. Excrement flowed up and out of the toilets and onto the floors of the mid-ship lavatories. Those cornered in cabins were forced to do their business in whatever corner they were in without the use of anything to clean themselves. Combined with the heat, sweat, and dirty nature of those who haven't had a bath in days or weeks, the smell was suffocating to those who recalled it. Even so, for many it is a small price to pay for the hardships endured.

Up on the bridge, arguments among the four captains and senior officers continue. They hotly debate such things as route, optimal speed and whether the Gustloff should be following a zigzag course to avoid detection. One thing the captains can agree on: they are not pleased with the inadequacy of their escort. The Gustloff is supposed to be accompanied by the Hansaand two aging torpedo boats. Two had to turn back just as the voyage begun.

Petersen and Zahn are at each others throats from everything to why the lifeboats aren't swung out incase of an emergency to the decision to sail without more protection from escorts. Two issues would become central to the Wilhelm Gustloff's fate. The first was the path the Gustloff would take to Kiel. Two options presented themselves. They could sail the ship closer to the shore, where there was the danger of running into a mine, but the waters were too shallow for a submarine to operate in. They could also use the shipping channel Lane No. 58 that runs north of the Stolpe Bank. There would be no danger of mines, but Soviet submarines could be lurking in the deep. Since the general agreement seemed to be that submarines could not operate in such severe weather conditions, the Wilhelm Gustloff made for the open shipping channel away from the coast. Approximately 1.5 hours after leaving Gotenhafen, the Gustloff settles into a course further away from the coast in Lane No. 58 - an officially mine swept channel. It was also decided that rather than a zig-zag pattern, the ship would run a straight course towards Kiel.

Zahn was demanding that his men reach the port with all speed to help the war effort and man the new Type XXI u-boats being perfected after a slew of production issues arose during their construction. The final decision that needed to be made came when the Gustloff's radio technician, Rudi Lange, received word around 6:00pm that a convoy of minesweepers was also sailing in the channel and coming from the opposite direction. They were currently sailing in the dark without any lights to avoid detection from the enemy. Continuing on this path risked one of the largest passenger liners in the German fleet having a head-on collision with a minesweeper. They could turn on the ship's navigation lights to alert the convoy to the presence, but who else would they also give their location away to? Rudi Lange hadn't received any messages of enemy ships, planes, or submarines in the area. Unfortunately for the Petersen and Zahn, the enemy's submarines were spotted in the area, but the bad weather caused messages to not get through or deciphered by Lange. If they were spotted by planes, the anti-aircraft guns were already frozen and useless on the deck. The Löwe would be useless in such an attack. Zahn wanted the navigation lights turned off to follow war protocol and Petersen wants them on. After continued arguing, Petersen flips the switch up and red and green shone across the sea through the darkness. The Wilhelm Gustloff's fate was sealed.

Despite the bitter cold outside, heat and humidity is rising below decks. Many ignore Petersen's order to keep lifejackets on - a risk they're willing to take to relieve tremendous discomfort. Cries are heard from some of the thousands of children on board. Those able to stomach it are offered soup, sandwiches, and other basic food items. Some are even able to be lulled to sleep. In the enclosed glad deck below the bridge, wounded soldiers and pregnant mothers are cared for. The Hitler Suite, an elaborate set of rooms for the Führer were occupied by the mayor of Gotenhafen and his family. This was the first time the suite would see anyone staying there.


The S-13 Spots the Wilhelm Gustloff


Soviet submarine captain Alexander Marinesko slips into the Gulf of Danzig without informing his central command. Having patrolled with other Russian submarines off the coast near Memel, opportunities are scant. Aware of enemy activity around ports in the Danzig, he hopes for better odds. Also aware of a court-martial hanging over him for previous onshore indiscretions, he needs better odds. It is a calculated risk for the bold captain and his crew of 47 men.

Now he was topside and charging his batteries for his 780 ton, 256 foot long S-13 built in 1934 and around 8:00pm, he noticed lights in the distance. At first, he mistook them for the Hel Lighthouse on the coast. When he caught a break in weather, he went to look through his periscope and recalled, "I saw a silhouette of an ocean liner. It was enormous. It even had some lights showing. There and then I decided it was about 20,000 tons, certainly not less. And I was quite sure it was packed with men who had trampled on Mother Russia and were now fleeing for their lives. It had to be sunk, I decided, and the S-13 would do the job."

Back on the Wilhelm Gustloff, passengers tried to pass the time as best they could. No one is aware of the danger lurking in the darkness. The u-boat sensing equipment on board the escorting torpedo boat Löwe has frozen and is useless. Crews on both vessels must rely on outlooks - a tough order in these conditions. Cheerful music piping through the ship's speakers is interrupted sometime after 8:00pm. Hitler, live on the radio, makes an impassioned speech to commemorate the 12th anniversary of the Nazi rise to power. It echoes through the corridors of the ship. No doubt, it provides comfort to some while invoking quiet cynicism from many others.

While the speech is being broadcast, Marinesko catches up with the Wilhelm Gustloff and overtakes her on the port side in the shallow water off land. This was a daring move as he risked running aground, but gained the advantage of surprise. Marinesko has four torpedoes loaded into the S-13's tubes. Each one bears a special message for the Germans:

Torpedo #1 - For the Motherland
Torpedo #2 - For Stalin
Torpedo #3 - For the Soviet people
Torpedo #4 - For Leningrad



It would be the last speech Hitler makes and before he signs off, he states, "However grave the crisis may be at the moment, it will, despite everything, finally be mastered by our unalterable will, by our readiness for sacrifice and by our abilities. We shall overcome this calamity, too, and this fight." The timing of everything is suited for a Shakespearean play.

Shortly before 9:00, Gerhard Grasshoff and his comrades went on guard duty. They put on their coats and field boots to face the cold and snow. Alexander Marinekso orders all 4 torpedoes fired from the S-13 at the same time. Three torpedoes speed toward his unknown, but enormous target. One torpedo - For Stalin - remains behind. It is stuck in its launching tube with its primer fully armed, threatening to blow up the submarine to bits with the slightest jolt. If not for the quick and delicate actions of the crew on the S-13 to disarm it, history may never have known what hit the Gustloff. On the bridge, there is a cautious sense of relief among the four captains that they have now reached the Stolpe Bank. They share a sentiment that the most dangerous waters are now behind them.


Artist representation of the sinking.

In addition to their first meal since departure, a round of cognac is poured to toast good fortune. Captain Weller remains on duty at the bridge. Shortly after Gerard stepped outside, the first torpedo struck the Wilhelm Gustloff's port side and shook the entire ship about 9:16pm. It struck the forward crew cabins and cargo areas in the bow, blasting a hole in the side of the ship with a huge water plume shooting up in the air. Many crew members housed here were killed instantly. Immediately, the thought was they had hit a mine.

A few seconds later, the second torpedo strikes further aft than the first. It strikes the area which holds the Wilhelm Gustloff's swimming pool and 373 of the Women's Naval Auxiliary. The torpedo first blew through the locker rooms on the port side, then shattering the beautiful tile mosaics and turning them into lethal pieces of flying shrapnel that was sure to have killed many of the women where they slept. The large glass ceiling over the pool also shattered, coming down onto the women and impaling them to the bottom of the pool. For a brief time, the swimming pool turned red with the blood of those injured in the blast. The explosion and smoke soon gave way to a torrent of water flooding the area for the first time in years. But this time, floating corpses and body parts swim in its water rather than excited passengers. Of the 373 Marinehelfern kept there and in the surrounding cabins, only two are known to have escaped.

Waltraud Grüter was lucky because while she was in a lower cabin of the ship, she was not in the pool itself when the second torpedo hit. She began her escape recalling that "each hit sounded like a closet full of glasses tipping over." The third torpedo was next. It hit the Wilhelm Gustloff in her engine room midship and knocked out her power with the incoming rush of seawater, smoke, and fire. For a few moments, one can only hear the mayhem of screaming and shouting, along with the rushing in of water. Everyone could feel the ship already begin to list to the port side. The Wilhelm Gustloff's emergency lights flickered on - illuminating chaos in a dull light that makes the desperate boarding in Gotenhafen look like a garden party. Indescribable chaos ensued for those 10,000 on board in the following hour.

Sinking

Captain Weller tried to call the engine room for a status update, but there was no reply. Petersen ordered the watertight doors closed, sealing off those crew still alive in the bow. They were the few on board that knew how to operate the lifeboats. Rudi Lange tried to send out an SOS signal, but was forced to use a small emergency radio transmitter with no power to run the main one. With a transmission range of only 2,000 meters, only the Löwe was able to receive the distress call. The Löwe picked up the SOS and began transmitting it further with their powerful radio.

Below decks, the frantic rush to get topside began. Refugees trampled over one another kicking and screaming as water began flooding cabins and corridors. Many do not survive the frenzied charge to the decks. Appeals from the P.A. system to maintain order are largely ignored and become background tones mixed with alarm sirens. The "women and children first" rule is ignored by many in their terrified efforts to get on the decks and to the lifeboats. Stairwells jam as mobs of people attempt escape the rushing water below decks. To fall on the way means almost certain death. Many trapped in the throng can barely breathe - unable to move their feet or arms and are 'carried' up by the swarm.

Waltraud recalled, "I struggled from my cabin to the Sun Deck after the torpedo hits. I climbed over the people who were in the corridors or the stairs, injured or trampled by others. Once at the top of the railing, I thought in a panic, what to do? The ship got more and more inclined, people lost their grip and slid over the icy deck into the water. A soldier asked me to slide down the ship's hull into the water." As she walked past the windows of the Lower Promenade Deck, she saw scenes that she should remember forever: "fearful faces, torn eyes of women and children. Panicked with their fists against the indestructible glass wall. About 1,000 people were trapped in the belly of the ship and abandoned to death. I heard loud gurgling, and hundreds calling for help." On the upper decks, crew members and civilians alike made attempts to free and launch the ship's lifeboats. Once freed, there was a mad rush to get on them while others jumped in from upper decks. Several lifeboats capsized into the water, dumping their human cargo into the Baltic Sea to freeze to death. Gun shots were soon ringing out as officers took their families into their cabins to kill everyone, then themselves in order to avoid a death of drowning or freezing. The Löwe began to pick up survivors right away, throwing nets down her hull and launching lifeboats of her own to pick up those who they could. Gerhard Grasshoff was lowering lifeboats, helping women and children in. Once he put them into a lifeboat, he saw room on the other side of a lifeboat, and he ran over, slid down the railing of the ship and swam out to the lifeboat.

On deck, the combination of ice and lack of trained crew members exacerbated the situation. People slide off the icy decks and into the freezing water. The ship lists more and more with each passing minute. Lifeboats are frozen to their davits. People claw and smash at them with bare hands trying to free them. Even if they are able to knock them loose, many of the very crew members trained to lower them are trapped behind the watertight doors. Reportedly, only one lifeboat is lowered correctly during the sinking and roughly 5 others still make it away from the stricken passenger liner. One lowers with only 12 sailors in it. Others have cables snap, fall, and capsize - tossing their occupants into the icy water or crushing those already in it. At one point, the useless anti-aircraft guns break free and plummet overboard, landing on a fully-occupied lifeboat.


Below right: The Gustloff sinking in the 1960 movie Nacht fiel über Gotenhafen.





Some report seeing a high-ranking officer with his wife lowering a motorboat only half occupied. It passes right by the plate glass of the enclosed promenade, jammed with desperate women and children. We can only imagine what those on both sides of the glass were thinking. It seems selfish acts are not reserved strictly for the passengers.

Back on Löwe, her SOS signal was picked up by the Admiral Hipper and T-36 under Lt. Commander Robert Hering and both ships were heading in the direction of the sinking ship. By this time, the Wilhelm Gustloff was listing even further onto her port side. The situation was dire on the ship. Those wounded and unable to get off their beds were left to their fate on the upper decks. As the Gustloff keeled over, they would've slid across the room into the wall with anything else not nailed down. If the impacts didn't kill them, the influx of water rushing into the interiors would've. It's hard to imagine laying there without the use of your limbs, knowing you've been left to die on a sinking ship and you have 15, 30, 45 minutes to contemplate the last few minutes of your life on Earth. The grand piano, the only piece of furniture left in the Music Hall, slammed into people against the wall as the ship sank according to other survivors. Up on the Sun Deck, rafts and boats that were unable to have been launched rolled down the deck, smashing through the railing and landing in the sea. By this time, the S-13's unfired torpedo was diffused and Marinesko watched the death throes of his target through the periscope. The Admiral Hipper and T-36 get closer as the Gustloff's funnel was almost level with the water.

All four captains manage to save themselves from the sinking ship while people trapped behind the glass of the Lower Promenade Deck struggled to break the glass before they would drown. Despite the window's ability to slide down, the ice and snow prevented this. Survivors reported standing on the outside of the Gustloff as she was on her side watching through the glass as the water rose and eventually claimed hundreds on the other side. After picking up the sound of the S-13, the Admiral Hipper decided with 1,600 refugees already on board, she would flee the scene rather than risk getting sunk herself. The biggest ray of hope for those in the water was soon gone.

Soon, the Wilhelm Gustloff was in her final moments. Thousands of screams filled the black night air as the sounds of splashing surrounded everyone on all sides. Just before the Gustloff sank, her stern began to rise out of the air. Eerily, as if to say her final good-bye, the entire ship regained power and every light on board illuminated the entire night sky. In a final blaze of farewell, wailing siren drown with the ship as it descends into the depths. The Wilhelm Gustloff had sunk taking 9,343 souls with her in 70 minutes. 1,252 survived.

Rescue

Those left flailing in the freezing stormy water of the Baltic won't last long. Many try to grasp at lifeboats or rafts - only to be clubbed or beaten off by desperate and paranoid occupants. Bodies of victims, made buoyant by their lifejackets, bob up and down lifelessly in the sea. Corpses of younger children float upside down, the ill-fitting life jackets not designed for smaller sizes. It's almost as if the lifejackets themselves could never have anticipated such an unimaginable tragedy to befall upon a child.

In the cold Baltic Sea, the T-36 worked overtime rescuing survivors and protecting herself from the sounds of the S-13. Hering ordered depth charges dropped in an attempt to eliminate the sub. While the S-13 was able to slip away into the deep, the depth charges exploded with survivors in the water, each killing scores with each blast. In the end, several ships rescued survivors from the disaster. The T-36rescued 564 people, the torpedo boat Löwe saved 472 people, Minesweeper M387 saved 98 people, Minesweeper M375 saved 43 people, and the MinesweeperM341 rescued 37 people. Waltraud was saved in a lifeboat that held 35 men and women. "When we were saved, there were 5 of us. Three officers, a Berliner, and myself. Those who froze to death we had to throw back to the sea." Her lifeboat was picked up by the steamer Göttingen which saved 28 people. Last, the torpedo practice boat TF19 saved 7, and the freighter Gotland saved 2 people.

In any tragedy however, miracles can happen. Seven hours after the ship went down, a small patrol boat, VP-1703 arrives to a sea of floating bodies. Its on board searchlight finds a lifeboat. When Petty Officer Werner Fick jumps in to inspect it, he discovers an infant wrapped tightly in a wool blanket - astonishingly alive among the frozen corpses. This is the last official survivor of the Wilhelm Gustloff.





Two of the most graphic images relating to the Wilhelm Gustloff: "Bodies washed ashore along the Pomeranian coastline for weeks after the tragic Gustloff sinking. Most of the victims died from prolonged exposure to the icy waters." This is the same area where the deck wood carved into the Madonna was discovered laying on the beaches among the dead.


Sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff - January 30th, 1945
List of dead, missing, and survivors by Heinz Schön



Much of the information we know today from the Wilhelm Gustloff is through the efforts of Heinz Schön, who was on board the Wilhelm Gustloff and survived her sinking. Interviewing witnesses and survivors, he began the Gustloff Archive and in 1952 published "The Sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff".

Very few people realize that through his efforts, there is an incomplete list of those who were missing, died, and survived the sinking that night. While published in his works in Germany, I wanted to share his lists here for those who are seeking information on loved ones or family that were on board that fateful night. Heinz died on April 7th, 2013 and his ashes were laid to rest on the wreck on May 10th.


wilhelmgustloffmuseum.com/wreck_artifacts.html

The Wilhelm Gustloff Story

wilhelmgustloffmuseum.com›wreck_artifacts
The Sinking and Wreck of the Wilhelm Gustloff January 30th, 1945. ... When the torpedoes from the S-13 exploded against the Gustloff, passengers began the stampede to escape the sinking liner.

wilhelmgustloffmuseum outstanding site worth looking at.
 
Old September 21st, 2023 #12
Farwell Kirk
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Far worse than the Titanic, but very few people know about the Wilhelm Gustloff. Think Hymiewood would ever make a movie about this? Not likely.
If they did, the victims would be portrayed as the villains.
 
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