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Old May 25th, 2012 #1
Donald E. Pauly
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Smile Melungeons-Negroes in the Woodpile

When Stalin seized power, he sacrificed perhaps 30% of the population of the Soviet Union to achieve his goals. Mao, also of Blessed Memory, only sacrificed about 5%. It seems to me that when we achieve power that a 90% reduction may be in order.

DNA testing will tell some interesting tales. It will also make it possible to cleanse the country of every single Jew. We can't allow any Whites to remain here that cannot understand elementary racial science and will mix with muds at the first chance that they get.

There are quite a number of interesting photos of Melungeons and other links at the below link

Quote:

http://news.yahoo.com/dna-study-seek...201144041.html

DNA study seeks origin of Appalachia's Melungeons
By TRAVIS LOLLER | Associated Press – 16 hrs ago



NASHVILLE, Tenn. (AP) — For years, varied and sometimes wild claims have been made about the origins of a group of dark-skinned Appalachian residents once known derisively as the Melungeons. Some speculated they were descended from Portuguese explorers, or perhaps from Turkish slaves or Gypsies.

Now a new DNA study in the Journal of Genetic Genealogy attempts to separate truth from oral tradition and wishful thinking. The study found the truth to be somewhat less exotic: Genetic evidence shows that the families historically called Melungeons are the offspring of sub-Saharan African men and white women of northern or central European origin.

And that report, which was published in April in the peer-reviewed journal, doesn't sit comfortably with some people who claim Melungeon ancestry.
"There were a whole lot of people upset by this study," lead researcher Roberta Estes said. "They just knew they were Portuguese, or Native American."

Beginning in the early 1800s, or possibly before, the term Melungeon (meh-LUN'-jun) was applied as a slur to a group of about 40 families along the Tennessee-Virginia border. But it has since become a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of mysterious mixed-race ancestry.
In recent decades, interest in the origin of the Melungeons has risen dramatically with advances both in DNA research and in the advent of Internet resources that allow individuals to trace their ancestry without digging through dusty archives.

G. Reginald Daniel, a sociologist at the University of California-Santa Barbara who's spent more than 30 years examining multiracial people in the U.S. and wasn't part of this research, said the study is more evidence that race-mixing in the U.S. isn't a new phenomenon. "All of us are multiracial," he said. "It is recapturing a more authentic U.S. history."

Estes and her fellow researchers theorize that the various Melungeon lines may have sprung from the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s, before slavery.

They conclude that as laws were put in place to penalize the mixing of races, the various family groups could only intermarry with each other, even migrating together from Virginia through the Carolinas before settling primarily in the mountains of East Tennessee.

[Related: The blue Fugates of Kentucky]

Claims of Portuguese ancestry likely were a ruse they used in order to remain free and retain other privileges that came with being considered white, according to the study's authors. The study quotes from an 1874 court case in Tennessee in which a Melungeon woman's inheritance was challenged. If Martha Simmerman were found to have African blood, she would lose the inheritance.

Her attorney, Lewis Shepherd, argued successfully that the Simmerman's family was descended from ancient Phoenicians who eventually migrated to Portugal and then to North America. Writing about his argument in a memoir published years later, Shepherd stated, "Our Southern high-bred people will never tolerate on equal terms any person who is even remotely tainted with negro blood, but they do not make the same objection to other brown or dark-skinned people, like the Spanish, the Cubans, the Italians, etc."
In another lawsuit in 1855, Jacob Perkins, who is described as "an East Tennessean of a Melungeon family," sued a man who had accused him of having "negro blood."

In a note to his attorney, Perkins wrote why he felt the accusation was damaging. Writing in the era of slavery ahead of the Civil War, Perkins noted the racial discrimination of the age: "1st the words imply that we are liable to be indicted (equals) liable to be whipped (equals) liable to be fined ... "
Later generations came to believe some of the tales their ancestors wove out of necessity.

Jack Goins, who has researched Melungeon history for about 40 years and was the driving force behind the DNA study, said his distant relatives were listed as Portuguese on an 1880 census. Yet he was taken aback when he first had his DNA tested around 2000. Swabs taken from his cheeks collected the genetic material from saliva or skin cells and the sample was sent to a laboratory for identification.

"It surprised me so much when mine came up African that I had it done again," he said. "I had to have a second opinion. But it came back the same way. I had three done. They were all the same."

[Related: Bigfoot and Yeti DNA study gets serious]

In order to conduct the larger DNA study, Goins and his fellow researchers — who are genealogists but not academics — had to define who was a Melungeon. In recent years, it has become a catchall term for people of mixed-race ancestry and has been applied to about 200 communities in the eastern U.S. — from New York to Louisiana.

Among them were the Montauks, the Mantinecocks, Van Guilders, the Clappers, the Shinnecocks and others in New York. Pennsylvania had the Pools; North Carolina the Lumbees, Waccamaws and Haliwas and South Carolina the Redbones, Buckheads, Yellowhammers, Creels and others. In Louisiana, which somewhat resembled a Latin American nation with its racial mixing, there were Creoles of the Cane River region and the Redbones of western Louisiana, among others.

The latest DNA study limited participants to those whose families were called Melungeon in the historical records of the 1800s and early 1900s in and around Tennessee's Hawkins and Hancock Counties, on the Virginia border some 200 miles northeast of Nashville.

The study does not rule out the possibility of other races or ethnicities forming part of the Melungeon heritage, but none were detected among the 69 male lines and 8 female lines that were tested. Also, the study did not look for later racial mixing that might have occurred, for instance with Native Americans.

Goins estimates there must be several thousand descendants of the historical Melungeons alive today, but the study only examined unbroken male and female lines.

The origin of the word Melungeon is unknown, but there is no doubt it was considered a slur by white residents in Appalachia who suspected the families of being mixed race. "It's sometimes embarrassing to see the lengths your ancestors went to hide their African heritage, but look at the consequences" said Wayne Winkler, past president of the Melungeon Heritage Association. "They suffered anyway because of the suspicion."

The DNA study is ongoing as researchers continue to locate additional Melungeon descendants.
___
Associated Press Writer Cain Burdeau contributed to this story from New Orleans, La.
 
Old May 25th, 2012 #2
Steven L. Akins
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The likely background to the mixed-race families later to be called "Melungeons" was the emergence in the Chesapeake Bay region in the 17th century of what the historian Ira Berlin (1998) calls "Atlantic Creoles."

These were the descendants of unions of freed slaves (sometimes of mixed race) and indentured servants, who were primarily of English, Northern European and West African ancestry.

Some of these "Atlantic Creoles" in the charter generation in the colonies were culturally partly what today might be called "Hispanic" or "Latino", whose paternal ancestors had been Portuguese or Spanish men who had children with African women in African ports.

Their mixed-race descendants bore names such as "Chavez," "Rodriguez," and "Francisco," and the men often worked in the slave trade, some coming to the American colonies. Some mixed-race creoles intermarried with their English neighbors, adopted English surnames, and owned slaves. To a lesser extent, some intermarried with Native Americans.

Early colonial America was home to a number of different ethnic groups, but not all of these early multiracial families were ancestral to the later Melungeons. Over the generations, most individuals of the group called Melungeon were of European and African ancestries.



Paul Heinegg has traced free people of color families on the frontier in the censuses of 1790–1810 and found that most were descended from African Americans free in Virginia in colonial times, the families of working-class white women (who were indentured servants or free) and African men, free, indentured servants or slaves. A minority were descended from slaves who had been manumitted.

Free people of color, sometimes mixed-race families, are documented as migrating with European-American neighbors in the first half of the 18th century to the frontier of Virginia and to North and South Carolina. The Collins, Gibson, and Ridley (Riddle) families owned land adjacent to one another in Orange County, North Carolina, where they and the Bunch family were listed as "free Molatas (mulattos)", taxable on tithes in 1755. By settling in frontier areas, free people of color found more amenable living conditions and could escape some of the racial strictures of plantation areas.

Beginning about 1767, some of the ancestors of the Melungeons moved from the Tidewater area northwest to the frontier New River area of Virginia, where they are listed on tax lists of Montgomery County, Virginia, in the 1780s. From there they migrated south in the Appalachian Range to Wilkes County, North Carolina, where some are listed as "white" on the 1790 census. They resided in a part of that county which became Ashe County, where they are designated as "other free" in 1800.

Not long after, Collins and Gibson families (identified as Melungeon ancestors) were members of the Stony Creek Primitive Baptist Church in nearby Scott County, Virginia, where they appear to have been treated as social equals of the white members. The earliest documented use of the term "Melungeon" is found in the minutes of this church. While there are historical references to the documents, the originals have not been found, and evidence came from a transcribed copy.

From Virginia and North Carolina, the families crossed into Kentucky and Tennessee. The earliest known Melungeon in Northeast Tennessee was Millington Collins, who executed a deed in Hawkins County in 1802. Several Collins and Gibson households appeared in Floyd County, Kentucky, in 1820, when they are listed as "free persons of color". On the 1830 censuses of Hawkins and Grainger County, Tennessee, Collins and Gibson families are listed as "free-colored". Melungeons were residents of the part of Hawkins that became Hancock County in 1844.

Contemporary accounts documented that Melungeon ancestors were considered to be mixed race by appearance. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, census enumerators designated them as "mulatto," "other free," or as "free persons of color." Sometimes they were listed as "white," sometimes as "black" or "negro", but almost never as "Indian." One family described as "Indian" was the Melungeon-related Ridley family, listed as such on a 1767 Pittsylvania County, Virginia, tax list, though they had been designated "mulattos" in 1755. During the 19th century, due to their intermarriage with white families and descendants of increasingly white appearance, Melungeon-surnamed families began to be classified as white on census records with increasing frequency, a trend that has continued to the present. In 1935, a state of Nevada newspaper anecdotally described Melungeons as "mulattoes" with "straight hair".

Jack Goins, an independent researcher, has acted as coordinator of the Melungeon DNA Project, an independent project started in 2005. Its goal is to study the ancestry of lines for which there is academic and genealogical consensus as belonging to historical Melungeon families. According to Jack Goins, the Melungeons who have the following surnames are in the Core Melungeon Group 1: Bunch, Collins, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Williams, Breedlove, Mullins, Denham, Bowlin(g), Moore, Shumake, Bolton, Perkins, Morning, Menley, Hopkins, and Mallet.

The Y-chromosomal DNA testing of male subjects with the Melungeon surnames Collins, Gibson, Goins, Bunch, Bowlin(g), Denham, Mullins, Hopkins, Perkins, Williams, Minor and Moore, has so far revealed evidence of a majority of European and sub-Saharan African ancestry: Y haplogroups R1b, R1a, I1, and E1b1a, respectively.



The numbers between the different Y-DNAs were: R1a(1(a)) = 3, R1b1 = 7, R1b1a2 = 50, R1b1a2a1a1b = 5, R1b1a2a1a1a = 3, R1b1a2a1a1b4 = 3, R1b1a2a1a1b3c = 1, R1b1a2a1a1b3 = 1, R1b1a2a1a1a4 = 1, R1b1a2a1a1b4b = 1,E = 2, E1a = 1, E1b1a = 9, E1b1a8a = 2, E1b1a7a = 3, E1b1b1 = 2, E1b1b1a1 = 2, E1b1b1a1b = 1, I1 = 14, I = 14, I2a = 4, I2b1 = 1, A = 2, G = 5, Q1a3a1 = 2, N1c1 = 1, J2 = 2, L = 1. Here are some examples of what and where each gene could possibly be from: Y-DNA E and its variants,[45] Y-DNA R1b and its variants, Y-DNA I1, Y-DNA I2b,[46] Y-DNA A, Y-DNA G, Y-DNA L, Y-DNA R1a(1) and Y-DNA J2 (these numbers are based off this website: http://www.familytreedna.com/public/...ction=yresults).

Haplogroup R1a has its strongest distributions in Eastern/Central Europe and in certain groups of South Asia. Haplogroup E is found in Cameroon/Gabon. Haplogroup Q1a3a1 is in the Native Americans and almost no where else. Haplogroup I2a is found highest among the Sardinians, South Slavic, and Romanians. Haplogroup R1b is strongest in Europe (the different variations have different areas of higher frequencies). Haplogroup E1a is found highest in Fulbe (Cameroon) 53% and Dogon (Mali) 45% (see Haplogroup E1a in Wikipedia). Haplogroup N1c1 has its highest frequencies in Finns and the Baltic Region of Europe.

Haplogroup E1b1a has its strongest distribution in West Africa. Haplogroup I2b1 has its strongest distribution in the Balkans of Southeast Europe. Haplogroup J2 has its strongest distribution in the Fertile Crescent. Haplogroup G has its strongest distribution in the Northern Fertile Crescent and Caucasus Region and is high among significant among the Kalash and Brahui of South Asia and some Jewish Groups. Haplogroup A is strongest in speakers of Nilo-Saharan and Khoisan Language Families of Africa. Haplogroup E1b1b1 is widely distributed in North and East Africa and West Asia. Haplogroup L has its strongest distribution in parts of South Asia and in the village of Afshar of Turkey. Haplogroup I1 has its strongest distribution in Northern Europe.

Taken as a whole, such findings appear to verify the 19th-century designation of Melungeon ancestors as "mulattos", that is, descendants of white Europeans and Africans, as well as the late twentieth-century genealogical work by Paul Heinegg, which came to the same conclusion. The line with a variety of haplogroups with roots in Portugal, Spain and Italy is consistent with historian Ira Berlin's research showing that some of the charter generation of enslaved or servant people in the Chesapeake Bay colony were Atlantic creoles. They were descended from African women and Spanish or Portuguese men; the latter worked in the slave trade at ports in Africa run by Spain and Portugal, and took wives from the indigenous population.

Last edited by Steven L. Akins; May 25th, 2012 at 10:40 AM.
 
Old May 25th, 2012 #3
MikeTodd
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Only the "English" and "Northern Europeans" never the Scots-Irish. OK, gotcha.
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Old March 10th, 2013 #4
N.B. Forrest
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Look at that poor bastard on the right: White features & hair - and skin the color of shit....imagine being so trapped, forever....

There's even one Melungeon in my family. A female cousin had always wondered why she looked a little different from her siblings - why she tanned very deeply when the others burned, etc. Turns out that when her mother's husband (my uncle) went on a long drunk and left his young family without food & heat, a dusky guy named GIBSON supplied both - and of course got the White pussy reward he was after....

The really disgusting thing is that there were "white" sows who were perfectly willing to spread their legs for obvious niggers, even when doing so was vehemently opposed by society. Add this to today's mudshark whores (2 of them in the extended clan, too....), and....
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Old March 10th, 2013 #5
MikeTodd
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Default "They" say she's White.

Y'ever get a load of Johnny Cash's first wife Vivian?



ah swears ya can't tell her from a nigger.
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Old March 10th, 2013 #6
N.B. Forrest
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Quote:
Originally Posted by MikeTodd View Post
Y'ever get a load of Johnny Cash's first wife Vivian?



ah swears ya can't tell her from a nigger.
No shit. Roseanne Cash looks like a lighter version of that creature. Cash must've been blind on pills when he hooked up with that...
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